travailler à la documentation de projets d autres membres de la communauté.

Des laboratoires ouverts à tous qui ont le même objectif : mettre en commun espaces, machines et compétences pour fabriquer collectivement des objets et monter des projets divers. Comme le constate Lars Zimmermann, ces communautés, déjà bien installées partout dans le monde (un événement global, baptisé Maker Faire7, existe depuis 2006) semblent se sensibiliser davantage à la notion de circularité, en particulier aux aspects liés à l écoconception et au recyclage. Les échanges en ligne entre makers et écologistes intéressés par l économie circulaire, deux tendances très proches, sont de fait de plus en plus courants. Pour demain, pourquoi pas, totalement converger ? « Les principes du logiciel libre ne sont peut-être pas l unique chemin, argue Zimmermann, mais ils m apparaissent comme étant le chemin le plus convaincant. Il s agit plus d apporter des questions que des réponses, et de faire en sorte que tous les acteurs, des grandes entreprises aux citoyens, se lancent dans le mouvement. Pour parvenir à une économie circulaire, il faut en tout cas beaucoup de transparence. » Et une dose de « philosophie hacker » : trouver comment, comme le dit une célèbre définition, faire griller du pain avec une machine à café.

of crafts and DIY. These new makers get together in collaborative design and production workshops, called fablabs or makerspaces. Their principal purpose is to document solutions that work. From that point on, anyone can test and implement the solutions locally and create new communities. In 2017, documentation jams 5, or intensive collaborative writing sessions, were introduced to speed up the process. For example, Food Systems Lab, a social innovation laboratory combatting food waste in Toronto, uses these events to share its methods and gather other points of view. In these sessions, other makers publish their manual for such and such an object designed using circular practices on the Wikifab6 platform, often referred to as the DIY Wikipedia . They can also work on the documentation of projects developed by other members of the community. These laboratories, which are open to everyone, all share the same goal: to share forums, machines and skills in order to collectively produce objects and organise diverse projects. As Lars Zimmermann has noted himself, these communities, which are already well established all over the world (the global Maker Faire7 event was first held in 2006), appear to be increasingly aware of the notion of circularity, especially when it comes to eco-design and recycling. Online exchanges between makers and ecologists interested in the circular economy, two communities that are very close, are becoming more and more common. So why not converge completely in the future? The principles of freeware may not be the only way, argues Zimmermann. But they look like the most convincing way to me. It s more a matter of asking questions than giving answers, of making sure that every player, from big corporations to individual citizens, joins the movement. In any case, a whole lot of transparency is needed to create a circular economy. And a good dose of hacker philosophy too. Or, as the famous definition says, how to make toast with a coffee maker.

5-Littéralement, une « session collaborative, plus ou moins formelle, dédiée à l enrichissement de la documentation ». 6-wikifab.org 7-Visiter makerfaire.com

5-Literally speaking, it is a more or less formal collaborative session, dedicated to the enrichment of the documentation. 6-wikifab.org/en 7-Visit makerfaire.com

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