16
15-30% ≤ 100%
12-20%2-10%
44% 1% 1% 1%
12V
12V
48V
12V 12V
> 400V > 500 V
12V
400V
4
500V48V
48V
THE ROAD AHEAD
ELECTRICFULL-HYBRID OPTIONAL PLUG-IN TYPE
MILD-HYBRIDSTART-STOP MICRO-HYBRID
FUEL/POWER INPUT
VEHICLE PROPULSION
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
REDUCTION IN CO2
2020 EUROPEAN LIGHT VEHICLE MARKET BY PROPULSION TYPE
Fossil* Fossil* Fossil* ElectricElectric
AGM or EFB
AGM or Li-Ion Auxiliary AGM or Li-Ion AuxiliaryAGM or Li-Ion AuxiliaryAGM or Li-Ion Auxiliary
Start-Stop + Regenerative braking & coasting (optional)
Start-Stop + Regenerative braking & coasting
Start-Stop + Regenerative braking, coasting & kinetic
Regenerative braking & coasting
Lithium-ion Lithium-ion Lithium-ion
Full Engine Engine supported by electric motor Engine or electric motor
...especially coasting and acceleration
...subject to available battery energy
Full Electric
Subject to level of renewable
energy
Full electric cars still represent a very small percentage of the European car parc. Mild and Full Hybrid cars are entering the market, but Start-Stop (Micro-Hybrid) remains by far the most popular technology with car manufacturers.
Source: LMC & Exide estimates for EU27 + UK & EFTA* Fossil fuels include: petrol, diesel and CNG
53% Standard Cars
53% Standard Cars
53% Standard Cars
53% Standard Cars