17

During a global push to reduce CO2 emissions through various forms of carbon taxes, some regions, as net importers of oil, have much more to gain by saving energy. This explains why automotive development in greener cars has been most vigorously pursued in Europe and Japan, where end-users in these markets are more attracted by the offer of better fuel economy.

Citroën launched the first commercially viable Start-Stop cars in 2004. As a development partner and OE supplier to Citroën, Exide produced the first AGM battery for these new models. Other early adopters of Exide Start-Stop batteries included BMW, Toyota and Fiat, plus many more car manufacturers in the meantime. From those early days, sales of new Start-Stop cars are overtaking standard combustion engine models and there is now a growing demand for AGM and EFB batteries in the aftermarket.

In an ever-changing world, Exide continues to develop new batteries to enable future vehicles to reduce CO2 emissions even further and improve overall driving efficiency.

The new WLTP became mandatory in the EU for all new passenger cars in 2018 and for all new vans in 2019. Compared to previous testing, WLTP is more representative of real driving conditions and measures CO2 emissions more accurately.

The battery should retain a high percentage of its initial capacity to help car makers avoid WLTP penalties when passing certain thresholds. Since the recharging process accounts for only 8% of test duration, the battery needs to achieve the highest possible energy recovery in a short time. Exide Carbon Boost 2.0 ensures that the dynamic charge acceptance of EFB batteries is maximised. Compared to previous EFB generations, the battery now accepts 75% higher average recharging current and maintains a higher capacity.

More information available at: www.wltpfacts.eu Provided by The European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

EU REGULATIONS FOR THE REDUCTION OF CO2 Start-Stop technology is favoured by most car manufacturers to reach targets and avoid EU penalties

WLTP WORLDWIDE HARMONISED LIGHT VEHICLE TEST PROCEDURE 0.5%0.4 4.0%3.3 15.0%13.7Total Li-Ion

99.5%80.0 96.0%83.5 85.0%78.0Total Lead-Acid

80.4 86.8 91.7Total (million batteries)

Li-Ion

21.0%17.0 31.0%27.2 36.0%33.1Start-Stop Lead-Acid

78.5%63.0 65.0%56.3 49.0%44.9Conventional

0.05

0.16 1.37

2015 2020 2025

12V Lithium

1.34 6.7148V (Mild Hybrid)

0.35 1.80 5.59High Voltage EV

Accessible technology for the IAM

Fastest growth: AGM & EFB Start-Stop Batteries

Source: LMC & Exide estimates for EU27 + UK & EFTA, Russia, CIS &Turkey (2020).

PROJECTED EUROPEAN LV BATTERY UNITS (MILLION UNITS)

90

0

110

130

150

170

190

2000 2005 2010 2015 2021 2025 2030

130g

175g

147g

95g

-15% vs. 2021

-37.5% vs. 2021

-31% vs. 2021

PASSENGER CARS

VANS

RECORDED TREND EU TARGETS

Source: European Commission

LIGHT VEHICLE AVERAGE CO2 EMISSIONS EU27 + ICELAND & UK

A ve

ra ge

e m

is si

on s

(g C

O 2 /k

m ) Future reductions

targets