21MODE OF ACTION
Traumeel® has demonstrated effects on the mediators and cells involved in inflammation resolution (Figure 4).
In vitro studies
Actions of Traumeel® Inhibition of the proinflammatory mediators TNF-a, IL-1β and IL-8 in
resting as well as activated immune cells preserves defensive functions of granulocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells.[Conforti 1997, Porozov 2004]
Stimulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β.[Heine 1998]
It is also apparent that the effect of Traumeel® is not mediated by any one action of its individual constituents. Rather the components of Traumeel® act synergistically to accelerate the healing process. [Heine 2002, Heine 1998, Conforti 1997, Porozov 2004]
Figure 4 Traumeel® effects on the mediators and cells involved in inflammation resolution.
CELLS
T cells1
Proinflammatory macrophages
Platelets
Efferocytosis2
Resolution-phase macrophages
Neutrophil influx1,2
Apoptotic neutrophils
MEDIATORS
Maresins Protectins
Resolvins2
IL-10
TGF-β4 PGD2 PGE2
2
IL-1β3,5
COX-2
COX-2
LTB4 2
TNF-α3
COX-2
Lipoxins2
Initiation Transition Resolution Postresolution
Published Unpublished
1. St Laurent G, et al. BMC Genomics. 2021;22(1):854. 2. Jordan PM, et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(11):1123. 3. Porozov S, et al. Clin Dev Immunol. 2004;11(2):143 149. 4. Heine H, Schmolz M. Biomed Ther. 1998;16(3):224 226. 5. St Laurent G 3rd, et al. Front Mol Biosci. 2017;4:57.
COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-10, interleukin 10; LTB4, leukotriene B4; MMP13, matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κΒ, nuclear factor κΒ; PGD2, prostaglandin D2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β.
