27MODE OF ACTION

No adverse events were observed with Traumeel® while three patients reported adverse events when receiving ibuprofen.

Alveolitis post-dental extraction [Helei 2019]

Comparison of complex drug therapy (Traumeel® initially plus antimicrobial at purulent stage; main observation group, 38 patients) with conventional treatment (20 patients).

By the second day, the use of Traumeel® had an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, which made it possible to improve the general condition of the patient, and reduce the manifestations of local inflammatory process and pain.

Postoperative wound healing processes progressed rapidly and efficiently in the main observation group. Cytological studies showed:[Helei 2019]

A progressive decrease in neutrophil granulocytes count over 5 days of observation from 87.8 to 57.0%; appearance of colonies of fibroblasts from 0 to 22.0% and active epitheliocytes (6.1%) at the end of observation in the main group.

In patients of the control group (conventional treatment) the processes of regeneration were less intense and tended to chronization of inflammation the number of neutrophilic granulocytes decreased from 83.2 to 68.2% in 5 days, the number of fibroblasts increased from 0 to 9.4%; the number of active epitheliocytes was 1.7%.

The number of lymphocytes increased significantly (up to 12.3%) with conventional treatment, which was not observed in the main group and which can be considered as a sign of chronization of inflammation.

Jaw function recovery averaged 3.4 ± 0.1 days longer in the conventional treatment group.

Normalization of the overall condition of the body and its temperature response was delayed by an average of 4.8 ± 0.2 days compared to the main observation group.

Summary Recent advances in the field of inflammation resolution have shown that

resolution is an active process dictated by proresolving mediators. The active nature makes it an ideal pharmacological target and proresolution

strategies are novel concepts in the treatment of injury and inflammatory disease. Some proinflammatory mediators also play an important role in resolution. Thus

the use of anti-inflammatory treatments should be weighed carefully and used in a more targeted way.

An anti-inflammatory and/or proresolution approach should be chosen depending on the needs of the patient.

Traumeel® has been shown to possess proresolution activity in preclinical experiments by modulating multiple targets.

These effects support our hypothesis that Traumeel® promotes resolution which is consistent with its established clinical effects on inflammation and pain.

Recent clinical evaluations support a proresolution effect of Traumeel® in clinical practice.