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Somorowsky * ( 2022 ) suggests that collaboration can be described along

three dimensions ( see above ) :

- Incentive alignment is the degree of sharing risks , costs and benefits

amongst project parties . This dimension hightights the major differentiator

to cooperation . Cooperating entities sitll follow their own goals , whereas in

collaborative situations they are expected to achieve joint goals .

- Decision synchronisation is the degree to which all parties pursue the

same objectives and decide jointly .

Information sharing describes actions to collect and provide timely and

relevant information amongst all parties

Collaboration requires trust to limit opportunistic behaviour of project parties

and there must be a high willingness to share risks and rewards even if there

are unequal powers of participation amongst the parties see right

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Incentive Alignment

Decision Synchronisation

Information Sharing